2.What is anti-globalization?

Anti-globalization (anti-globalisation) is a political stance of opposition to the perceived negative aspects of globalization. The corresponding movement is widely known as the anti-globalization movement, and is a largely grassroots effort, with support from some intellectual elites. Many regard the term "anti-globalization" as a misnomer, and see this as a tag meant to discredit the movement; in fact, many of those involved in the anti-globalization movement do support closer ties between the various peoples and cultures of the world — in particular, they often show solidarity with peoples they consider to be oppressed and campaign for asylum and immigration rights — and are opposed only to capitalist globalization. This is why they tend to use more nuanced terms to describe their movement, such as anti-capitalist, anti-corporate or positive terms as alternative globalization (see Alter-globalization) global justice or fair-trade movement, Global Justice and Solidarity Movement (GJ&SM), Movement of Movements or simply The Movement, and use slogans like "globalize justice" and "globalize liberation."

Many nationalist movements, such as the French National Front, are also opposed to globalization. However, they are not part of the anti-globalization movement as such, and they are usually rejected by anti-globalization activists. The overwhelming majority of the anti-globalization movement tends to adopt left-wing approaches.

The movement could be seen as a critical response to the development of global economy and capitalism that commenced with Margaret Thatcher's and Ronald Reagan's assaults on the welfare state and social-democracy (so-called neoliberalism) and continued with the change in policies of global institutions expecially after the end of the Cold War and the decisions, even of centre-left governments, to privatize vast sectors of their countries' economies. The movement opposes the diffuse conviction that the increase of free trade and the reduction of the public sector will bring benefits to poor countries and to disadvantaged people in rich countries, and they resent what they perceive as a loss of sovereignty of democratic institutions. It should be noted that many who oppose neoliberalism are not "anti-corporate", and that anti-globalists often accuse left-wing governments of pursuing neoliberal policies while these dispute the assertion.

After the September 11 attacks the movement has typically been critical of American responses to terrorism and has opposed the 2003 invasion and subsequent occupation of Iraq. The movement saw the war as a hysterical response to the crisis of an economic and political model hegemonized by the United States, rather that as a reaction to actual dangers or as an intervention to bring democracy to the Middle East, as claimed by supporters of the war. Many members of the movement also support Palestinians in what they see as a struggle for self-determination.