Difference between revisions of "Tsoe Loong Li"

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[[Image:Cereals.JPG]]
[[Image:Cereals.JPG]]


'''What is Bio-diesel?'''    
'''What is Bio-diesel?''' <br>   
Bio-diesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural oils like soybean oil, and which meets the specifications of ASTM D 6751  [http://www.biodiesel.org/resources/definitions/default.shtm]
Bio-diesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural oils like soybean oil, and which meets the specifications of ASTM D 6751  [http://www.biodiesel.org/resources/definitions/default.shtm]


Made from:
Made from:<br>
Vegetable oils, peanuts, corn, soybean etc….
Vegetable oils, peanuts, corn, soybean etc….


'''Why Bio-diesel?'''
'''Why Bio-diesel?''' <br>
- Safer, cleaner alternative to petroleum diesel
- Safer, cleaner alternative to petroleum diesel <br>
- Alternative for the continuing increasing oil prices
- Alternative for the continuing increasing oil prices <br>
- Experts predicted that gas will be exhausted in 50 years
- Experts predicted that gas will be exhausted in 50 years <br>
- No engine modifications required, no need to change vehicles, spare parts …
- No engine modifications required, no need to change vehicles, spare parts … <br>
- Bio-diesel cuts down on targeted emissions, air pollution
- Bio-diesel cuts down on targeted emissions, air pollution <br>


'''Prices'''
'''Prices''' <br>
The price of biodiesel in the United States has come down from an average $3.50 per US gallon ($0.92/l) in 1997 to $1.85 per US gallon ($0.49/l) in 2002.
The price of biodiesel in the United States has come down from an average $3.50 per US gallon ($0.92/l) in 1997 to $1.85 per US gallon ($0.49/l) in 2002.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel]
A gallon gasoline cost about $2.28/gallon and a gallon diesel is about $2.48 /gallon.
A gallon gasoline cost about $2.28/gallon and a gallon diesel is about $2.48 /gallon.


'''Bio-diesel, a renewable fuel for a cleaner tomorrow!'''
'''Bio-diesel, a renewable fuel for a cleaner tomorrow!'''<br>
Up till now, there are already 1700 Bio-diesel tank-stations in Germany. The European Union is even setting a goal by 2010 that 5.75% of the total volume of energy usage to come from Bio-diesel.
Up till now, there are already 1700 Bio-diesel tank-stations in Germany. The European Union is even setting a goal by 2010 that 5.75% of the total volume of energy usage to come from Bio-diesel.
With more research to bring down the cost and product awareness, Bio-diesel is the product for the future!!
With more research to bring down the cost and product awareness, Bio-diesel is the product for the future!!
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[[Image:Biiostation.JPG]]
[[Image:Biiostation.JPG]]
==Internet TV==
==Internet TV==
* How is the current market of TV and internet TV? <br>
* Are people ready to accept internet TV? <br>
* What are most potential audience’s ages? locations? their expectations? <br>
* what is the rime we expect to make Internet TV form a large enough popularity? <br>


'''Why do we need Internet TV?'''
To answer these question, we did some research on the internet. We found the market analysis of two country: Greek and China. Although it is only 2 country, China have one third of the TV users in the world and is here by very representative of the global TV users. Below are the info of the Greek TV market. <br>
'''Country Fundamentals of Greek'''


One reason of having internet TV is the flexibility of choosing your own program in your timetable. Your are not depend on the schedule of the normal TV. According to the article of Johna Till Johnson [2]. Another reason of IPTV is that there is a new opportunity for new players to create a creative packing and deliver it to the consumers. New players lead to better service towards to customer because of the competition.
[[Image:Contry fundatmentals greek.JPG]]


'''What’s the difference between normal TV and Internet TV / How does internet TV work?'''  
'''Equipment'''


Don’t now how the current tv works but internet tv works as follow:
[[Image:Equipment.JPG]]
Say that’s Consumer Jane there on the couch. She gets digital video from her local telephone company, which sends it to her over a DSL connection (DSL is rooted in IP, Thus, IPTIV is synonymous with sending TV over DSL).
Remote in hand, Jane thumb-surfs via the channel-up arrow. The set-top (or media center) that came with the service issues what’s known as a join request. It wants to dip into a precached set of video frames. The request zings up the phone wire, to that buffer. Maybe it’s in an edge aggregator or maybe it’s in the D-slam, or digital subscribe line access multiplexer. Either way, the tuners aren’t inside anything at Jane’s house. The bits that make up the video frame in the buffer zing back into the box. The boxes used by cable and satellite operators use work differently. On-board tuners work by literally jumping frequencies each time somebody invokes a zap with the remote control. Then they need to demodulate the incoming signal, stabilize it and deal with any error-correction activities. If the processing chip isn’t beffy enough, that to do list can bog down. Symptom: slower zapper action


So conclusion you need a lot of bandwidth.
'''Television Market estimates'''
[3]


'''What kind of new innovation had been made in the era of internet TV?'''I’m not sure of all the new innovations. But I found a couple innovations that can used on Internet TV. On called Mixtv see paper [1]<br>
[[Image:Television market.JPG]]
• Atomic RSS <br>
• BitTorrent <br>
• Dirac <br>
• HTTP <br>
• NSV - Nullsoft Streaming Video, a technology used by AOL to deliver <br>
<br>Internet based video content. <br>
• RSS <br>
• RSS enclosure<BR>
• RTSP<BR>
• SMIL <BR>
• Theora <br>
• TVU networks - Torrent-like live broadcasting TV technology <br>


'''Who are the key players of internet TV?'''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPTV --> vendors
'''TV market of China '''
China has the world’s largest number of cable television subscribers – 115 million by the
end of 2004 – and is expected to have 150 million by 2010. According to the latest
statistics from State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT) China’s
2,569 broadcasting operators broadcast 2,355 radio programs and 1,255 TV programs by
the end of 2004. China’s cable TV network stretches over 4 million kilometers. The value
of China’s cable TV equipment market reached $1.6 billion in 2000. Growing at a 45
percent clip, the market is expected to be $12 billion by 2005. The broadcasting and TV
equipment sector will continue to be promising over the coming years because the market
is still relatively under-developed in China. SARFT has announced that it intends to
provide TV services to 90 percent of the population, a feat that will require much more
satellite, microwave and optical fiber equipment as well as program production and TV
reception equipment.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_tv
China has the world’s largest number of cable television subscribers – 115 million by the
end of 2004 – and is expected to have 150 million by 2010.
Chinese households now own more than 400 million TV sets and they enjoy a standard 50-channel cable selection for an average fee of $2 per month. China TV subscribers occupy one third of the international TV users.
It is analyzed that China TV viewers’ demand for TV programming is 9 million hours each year, while the current supply is only 2 to 3 million hours. China’s TV stations such as CCTV and provincial level TV stations plan to launch 50-80 pay TV channels by the end of 2005.


A recently survey reflected seven main behaviors of consumers [2]:<br>
• First, consumers look for high-quality programs and regard this as a decisive factor in whether or not to choose digital TV. <br>
• Second, consumers’ complaints focus on too many commercials inserted into
programs. This indirectly pushes them to explore new paths to acquire information and entertainment and thus issues a challenge to the current TV model of earning profits. <br>
• Third, most consumers know little about digital TV, which results in insufficient dynamic to foster digital TV markets.<br>
• Fourth, consumers prefer to choose programs by themselves and to avoid
commercials rather than enjoying high definition digital TV, which conveys that
consumers regard the content as their first preference.<br>
• Fifth, consumers are willing to pay extra charges for news and TV plays in the first place.<br>
• Sixth, it is whether consumers recognize the content and how they evaluate its value that obstructs the popularization of digital TV. Therefore, the satisfaction of experimental users is of vital importance. <br>
• Seventh, many consumers hesitate to accept digital TV for they are waiting to see its perspective in the days ahead. <br>


'''Conflict with the government?''' Still researching
References:<br>
[1] http://europa.eu.int/ISPO/infosoc/telecompolicy/en/Eurorep99gr.pdf <br>
[2] http://www.buyusainfo.net/docs/x_2737062.pdf <br>


'''What is the impact of globalization? Pros and cons'''<br>Still researching
<br>"
'''(NEW) What is the difference between IPTV, the Internet Protocol-based TV'''
http://www.masternewmedia.org/2005/06/04/iptv_vs_internet_television_key.htm
[1] Samuel Miller, ACM computer in Entertainment, Vol. 3, No.2, April 2005, Article 6A, Taking on the Masses with Mobile Messaging TV
[2] Johna Till Johnson, Journal: Business Source Premier (BSP), Who wants their IPTV?
[3] Ellis, Leslie, Multi Channel News, 2/06/2006, Vol 27 issue 6, p23-24, AN 199642635 BSP, How IPTV differs from Cable TV
==Driving Forces==
==Driving Forces==
===Driving Forces 1===
===Driving Forces 1===
Line 93: Line 98:
broadening age span of internet user
broadening age span of internet user
====Description:====
====Description:====
While internet where mainly used by teenagers and business man in the past 10 years. More and more individual knows how to use the internet now. Internet TV therfefore can reach much more people. The number of users has grown from an estimated 38 million in 1994 to 580 million in may 2002.  
While internet where mainly used by teenagers and business man in the past 10 years. More and more individual knows how to use the internet now. Internet TV therfefore can reach much more people. The number of users has grown from an estimated 38 million in 1994 to 580 million in may 2002. While in 1994, the graph show a peak, it soon flatten and broaden because teenagers begin to use internet at a earlier age, while more and more elderly people learn how to use internet.
 
[[Image:Age span2.JPG]]
 
====Enablers:====
====Enablers:====
People now see internet more than just a medium to look for information, but as entertainment as well. New technology make internet faster and cheaper and therefore more people can afford internet
• '''increasing awareness of the importance of internet''' <br>
More and more people see the importance of the use of internet. Not just businessman or scientist, but also students, kids and elderly people. Without doubt, internet is a necessary tool for students when doing their assignment. Kids use the internet for all kind of purposes, gaming, chatting, homework. While elderly people now see internet more than just a medium to look for information, but as entertainment as well. <br>
 
• '''internet become cheaper and faster''' <br>
Due to the technological development in the recent years, internet become much cheaper than before. While the cost are going down, speed become faster and faster. Where internet users have to wait and wait for a web site to open, now it is just a matter of a mouse click. <br>
 
• '''user familiartiy with computers and lower computer prices''' <br>
While three decades ago, only computers nerds and geeks use a personal computers. PC is now considered a commodity, most peoples have one at home and know how to use it. <br>
 
====Inhibitors:====
====Inhibitors:====
Increasing internet control by government for political reason as well as porn
• '''Increasing internet control''' <br>
In creasing internet control by government for political reason. Some contries are blocking what in their opinion sensitive websites that may influece the government. <br>
 
• '''spams, spywares & viruses''' <br>
Although spams & spywares doesn't do damage like viruses, it is quite disturbing when u see your mailbox full of spams. Or when your personal information might be "leak" due to spywares. All these factors may inhibit people from using internet.<br>
 
====Paradigms:====
====Paradigms:====
Internet is no longer seen as information retrieval alone. People use internet for all kind of stuff, like entertainment such as games, music and downloading.Due to the increasingly in use of the internet and the broadening of the age span, more and more new service will emerge.
Internet is no longer seen as information retrieval alone. People use internet for all kind of stuff, like entertainment such as games, music and downloading.Due to the increasingly in use of the internet and the broadening of the age span, more and more new service will emerge. Internet is become a commodity, that is used by user with different age groups.<br>
 
====Timing:====
====Timing:====
o In 1989, internet was mainly used by governmental agencies, with an estimate of 3900
o In 1989, internet was mainly used by governmental agencies, with an estimate of 3900 <br>
o In 1999, extension like .com, .org, .net. .edu extension are becoming increasingly populiar. With an estimated totoal of more than 4 million. Country names has also becoming increasingly populair
o In 1999, extension like .com, .org, .net. .edu extension are becoming increasingly populiar. With an estimated totoal of more than 4 million. Country names has also becoming increasingly populair <br>
====Web Resources:====
====Web Resources:====
o basic net data, Richard T. Griffiths (Leiden University) <br>
o http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/ivh/chap5.htm <br>
o http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~zook/domain_names/Domains/international.html <br>
o http://www.gvu.gatech.edu/user_surveys/survey-1998-10/graphs/general/q54.htm <br>


===Driving Forces 2===
===Driving Forces 2===
====Name:====
increase internet accessibility
====Description:====
====Description:====
New Flat screen TV have input/output port for computers.
Internet was once considered as luxurious, only available for the wealthy. It was expensive for the oridinary people. A technology usually only use by govermental agencies and multinationals. Due to the continuosly improvement of internet technology, internet become much faster and cheaper than before. The cost of internet have been brought down tremendously. Most of the household in Europe now have internet. The accessibility of internet have increase alot. People now can access the internet almost everywhere, offices, schools, hotels etc. The accessibility become even greater when WiFi was introduced. Now internet have become a commodity, something that belongs to the everyday life.


====Enablers:====
====Enablers:====
o Ubiquity : With forecast billion mobile devices in use by 2007, the 'anytime anywhere' advatages of mobile services are very apparent<br>
• '''increasing number of internet users'''<br>
A factors that strengthen this driving force is the increasing number of users of internet, because of the increasing awareness of the use of the importance of internet.<br>


o Immediacy : Information can be accessed, delivered and acted upon in real time by the user without the start-up time required for a desktop PC<br>
• '''internet become cheaper and faster'''<br>
Due to the technological development in the recent years, internet become much cheaper than before. While the cost are going down, speed become faster and faster. Where internet users have to wait and wait for a web site to open, now it is just a matter of a mouse click.


o Personalization : Mobiles are now personal accessories, capable of holding data and enabling access to information and services which can be tailored to the needs of the individual<br>
• '''user familiartiy with computers and lower computer prices'''<br>
While three decades ago, only computers nerds and geeks use a personal computers. PC is now considered a commodity, most peoples have one at home and know how to use it.


o Localization : Recognising where the user is located and matching information or services to that location adds a unique value to mobile services<br>
====Inhibitors:====
• '''Increasing internet control'''<br>
In creasing internet control by government for political reason. Some contries are blocking what in their opinion sensitive websites that may influece the government.


o Convergence : Thechnological capabilities that can be deployed on the move are rapidly blurring the distinction between mobile phones and PCs. Ongoing advances in sophistication, functionality and personalisation will continue to sustain handset renewal<br>
• '''spams, spywares & viruses'''<br>
Although spams & spywares doesn't do damage like viruses, it is quite disturbing when u see your mailbox full of spams. Or when your personal information might be "leak" due to spywares. All these factors may inhibit people from using internet.


====Inhibitors:====
o Design and potable size(Display,resolution,memory.os)
o Usability(Input/output device)
ㅇCapability(speed),multi task)and interface with another product
====Paradigms:====
====Paradigms:====
People to communication and entertain something to spend a lot of time to use mobile phone anywhere and anytime grows rapidly
Internet is no longer seen as information retrieval alone. People use internet for all kind of purposes, like entertainment such as games, music and downloading.Due to the increasingly in use of the internet and the broadening of the age span, more and more new service will emerge. While a decade ago, people need to goto the library to find information. With the increasing internet accessibility, people can get information at their finger tips. <br>
 
====Experts:====
Support from LGE, SSE, NOKIA


====Timing:====
====Timing:====
Since last 4 years,camera phone launched
o In 1962, first proposed global network of computers<br>
Convergence phone Mega trend
o In 1969, the Internet, then known as ARPA net was brought online<br>
o In 1972, first e-mail program created by Ray Tomlinson of BBN <br>
o In januari 1993, leased line was used with a speed of 56 kilobits per second <br>
o In fall 1995, the technology of single T-1 was used. Internet can reach a speed of 1544 kilobits per second <br>
o In fall 1998, multiple T-1 was introduced, speed is twice of the single T-1 <br>
o In fall 2002, Fractional DS-3, which can reach the speed of 15000 kilobits per second <br>


====Web Resources:====
====Web Resources:====
o http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~zook/domain_names/Users/index.html <br>
o http://www.nua.ie/surveys/how_many_online/index.html <br>
o http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~zook/domain_names/ <br>
o http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/ivh/chap5.htm <br>
o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet <br>
o http://www.cedarville.edu/departments/compserv/historyinternet.htm <br>
o http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history.shtml
==Learning Log==
[[Media:Learning Log5.doc]]

Latest revision as of 21:21, 15 May 2006

Profiel

Tsoe Loong Li University of Leiden M.Sc. ICT in Business

Object of the future

My Object of the future is: Bio-diesel


Bio-diesel, a clean burning alternative fuel

Cereals.JPG

What is Bio-diesel?
Bio-diesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural oils like soybean oil, and which meets the specifications of ASTM D 6751 [1]

Made from:
Vegetable oils, peanuts, corn, soybean etc….

Why Bio-diesel?
- Safer, cleaner alternative to petroleum diesel
- Alternative for the continuing increasing oil prices
- Experts predicted that gas will be exhausted in 50 years
- No engine modifications required, no need to change vehicles, spare parts …
- Bio-diesel cuts down on targeted emissions, air pollution

Prices
The price of biodiesel in the United States has come down from an average $3.50 per US gallon ($0.92/l) in 1997 to $1.85 per US gallon ($0.49/l) in 2002. [2] A gallon gasoline cost about $2.28/gallon and a gallon diesel is about $2.48 /gallon.

Bio-diesel, a renewable fuel for a cleaner tomorrow!
Up till now, there are already 1700 Bio-diesel tank-stations in Germany. The European Union is even setting a goal by 2010 that 5.75% of the total volume of energy usage to come from Bio-diesel. With more research to bring down the cost and product awareness, Bio-diesel is the product for the future!!


Renewable Fuel for a Cleaner Tomorrow!

Bioflasks2.JPG Biiostation.JPG

Internet TV

  • How is the current market of TV and internet TV?
  • Are people ready to accept internet TV?
  • What are most potential audience’s ages? locations? their expectations?
  • what is the rime we expect to make Internet TV form a large enough popularity?

To answer these question, we did some research on the internet. We found the market analysis of two country: Greek and China. Although it is only 2 country, China have one third of the TV users in the world and is here by very representative of the global TV users. Below are the info of the Greek TV market.
Country Fundamentals of Greek

Contry fundatmentals greek.JPG

Equipment

Equipment.JPG

Television Market estimates

Television market.JPG

TV market of China China has the world’s largest number of cable television subscribers – 115 million by the end of 2004 – and is expected to have 150 million by 2010. According to the latest statistics from State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT) China’s 2,569 broadcasting operators broadcast 2,355 radio programs and 1,255 TV programs by the end of 2004. China’s cable TV network stretches over 4 million kilometers. The value of China’s cable TV equipment market reached $1.6 billion in 2000. Growing at a 45 percent clip, the market is expected to be $12 billion by 2005. The broadcasting and TV equipment sector will continue to be promising over the coming years because the market is still relatively under-developed in China. SARFT has announced that it intends to provide TV services to 90 percent of the population, a feat that will require much more satellite, microwave and optical fiber equipment as well as program production and TV reception equipment.

China has the world’s largest number of cable television subscribers – 115 million by the end of 2004 – and is expected to have 150 million by 2010. Chinese households now own more than 400 million TV sets and they enjoy a standard 50-channel cable selection for an average fee of $2 per month. China TV subscribers occupy one third of the international TV users. It is analyzed that China TV viewers’ demand for TV programming is 9 million hours each year, while the current supply is only 2 to 3 million hours. China’s TV stations such as CCTV and provincial level TV stations plan to launch 50-80 pay TV channels by the end of 2005.

A recently survey reflected seven main behaviors of consumers [2]:
• First, consumers look for high-quality programs and regard this as a decisive factor in whether or not to choose digital TV.
• Second, consumers’ complaints focus on too many commercials inserted into programs. This indirectly pushes them to explore new paths to acquire information and entertainment and thus issues a challenge to the current TV model of earning profits.
• Third, most consumers know little about digital TV, which results in insufficient dynamic to foster digital TV markets.
• Fourth, consumers prefer to choose programs by themselves and to avoid commercials rather than enjoying high definition digital TV, which conveys that consumers regard the content as their first preference.
• Fifth, consumers are willing to pay extra charges for news and TV plays in the first place.
• Sixth, it is whether consumers recognize the content and how they evaluate its value that obstructs the popularization of digital TV. Therefore, the satisfaction of experimental users is of vital importance.
• Seventh, many consumers hesitate to accept digital TV for they are waiting to see its perspective in the days ahead.

References:
[1] http://europa.eu.int/ISPO/infosoc/telecompolicy/en/Eurorep99gr.pdf
[2] http://www.buyusainfo.net/docs/x_2737062.pdf

Driving Forces

Driving Forces 1

Name:

broadening age span of internet user

Description:

While internet where mainly used by teenagers and business man in the past 10 years. More and more individual knows how to use the internet now. Internet TV therfefore can reach much more people. The number of users has grown from an estimated 38 million in 1994 to 580 million in may 2002. While in 1994, the graph show a peak, it soon flatten and broaden because teenagers begin to use internet at a earlier age, while more and more elderly people learn how to use internet.

Age span2.JPG

Enablers:

increasing awareness of the importance of internet
More and more people see the importance of the use of internet. Not just businessman or scientist, but also students, kids and elderly people. Without doubt, internet is a necessary tool for students when doing their assignment. Kids use the internet for all kind of purposes, gaming, chatting, homework. While elderly people now see internet more than just a medium to look for information, but as entertainment as well.

internet become cheaper and faster
Due to the technological development in the recent years, internet become much cheaper than before. While the cost are going down, speed become faster and faster. Where internet users have to wait and wait for a web site to open, now it is just a matter of a mouse click.

user familiartiy with computers and lower computer prices
While three decades ago, only computers nerds and geeks use a personal computers. PC is now considered a commodity, most peoples have one at home and know how to use it.

Inhibitors:

Increasing internet control
In creasing internet control by government for political reason. Some contries are blocking what in their opinion sensitive websites that may influece the government.

spams, spywares & viruses
Although spams & spywares doesn't do damage like viruses, it is quite disturbing when u see your mailbox full of spams. Or when your personal information might be "leak" due to spywares. All these factors may inhibit people from using internet.

Paradigms:

Internet is no longer seen as information retrieval alone. People use internet for all kind of stuff, like entertainment such as games, music and downloading.Due to the increasingly in use of the internet and the broadening of the age span, more and more new service will emerge. Internet is become a commodity, that is used by user with different age groups.

Timing:

o In 1989, internet was mainly used by governmental agencies, with an estimate of 3900
o In 1999, extension like .com, .org, .net. .edu extension are becoming increasingly populiar. With an estimated totoal of more than 4 million. Country names has also becoming increasingly populair

Web Resources:

o basic net data, Richard T. Griffiths (Leiden University)
o http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/ivh/chap5.htm
o http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~zook/domain_names/Domains/international.html
o http://www.gvu.gatech.edu/user_surveys/survey-1998-10/graphs/general/q54.htm

Driving Forces 2

Name:

increase internet accessibility

Description:

Internet was once considered as luxurious, only available for the wealthy. It was expensive for the oridinary people. A technology usually only use by govermental agencies and multinationals. Due to the continuosly improvement of internet technology, internet become much faster and cheaper than before. The cost of internet have been brought down tremendously. Most of the household in Europe now have internet. The accessibility of internet have increase alot. People now can access the internet almost everywhere, offices, schools, hotels etc. The accessibility become even greater when WiFi was introduced. Now internet have become a commodity, something that belongs to the everyday life.

Enablers:

increasing number of internet users
A factors that strengthen this driving force is the increasing number of users of internet, because of the increasing awareness of the use of the importance of internet.

internet become cheaper and faster
Due to the technological development in the recent years, internet become much cheaper than before. While the cost are going down, speed become faster and faster. Where internet users have to wait and wait for a web site to open, now it is just a matter of a mouse click.

user familiartiy with computers and lower computer prices
While three decades ago, only computers nerds and geeks use a personal computers. PC is now considered a commodity, most peoples have one at home and know how to use it.

Inhibitors:

Increasing internet control
In creasing internet control by government for political reason. Some contries are blocking what in their opinion sensitive websites that may influece the government.

spams, spywares & viruses
Although spams & spywares doesn't do damage like viruses, it is quite disturbing when u see your mailbox full of spams. Or when your personal information might be "leak" due to spywares. All these factors may inhibit people from using internet.

Paradigms:

Internet is no longer seen as information retrieval alone. People use internet for all kind of purposes, like entertainment such as games, music and downloading.Due to the increasingly in use of the internet and the broadening of the age span, more and more new service will emerge. While a decade ago, people need to goto the library to find information. With the increasing internet accessibility, people can get information at their finger tips.

Timing:

o In 1962, first proposed global network of computers
o In 1969, the Internet, then known as ARPA net was brought online
o In 1972, first e-mail program created by Ray Tomlinson of BBN
o In januari 1993, leased line was used with a speed of 56 kilobits per second
o In fall 1995, the technology of single T-1 was used. Internet can reach a speed of 1544 kilobits per second
o In fall 1998, multiple T-1 was introduced, speed is twice of the single T-1
o In fall 2002, Fractional DS-3, which can reach the speed of 15000 kilobits per second

Web Resources:

o http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~zook/domain_names/Users/index.html
o http://www.nua.ie/surveys/how_many_online/index.html
o http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~zook/domain_names/
o http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/ivh/chap5.htm
o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet
o http://www.cedarville.edu/departments/compserv/historyinternet.htm
o http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history.shtml

Learning Log

Media:Learning Log5.doc