What are the key technologies?

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Answer

A variety of technologies are expected from both supply and demand of energy, below is a list of demand side technologies listed by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC)

  • Heating for domestic and industry
    • Fossil fuels/renewables
      • Electric heating, High-efficiency furnances and boilers, Micro-cogeneration systems CHP, Condensing boilers for space heating and domestic hot water, Combined heat and power,
    • Renewable technology
      • Solar thermal flat plate, Energy Storage technologies, Heat Pump, Biomass heating, Green gas from biomass
    • Energy saving
      • Ventilation, Insulation, HighEfficiency heating, Building orientation, Energy storage technologies, Air-sealing
  • Cooling-clmate control
    • Renewable technology
      • Solar thermal, Heat Pump
    • Energy saving
      • Air-sealing, Facade technology, Insulation, Ventilation, High Efficiency heating, High Efficiency window, Cogeneration
  • Hot water in buildings
    • Fossil fuels/renewables
      • High-efficiency furnaces and boilers, Condensing boilers for space heating
    • Renewable technology
      • Solar thermal, Heat pump
  • Lighting
    • Energy Saving
      • Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs and LEDs, Solar lanterns, Light tubes, Smart controls, Day lighting and building design
  • Demand-side management for Electricity
    • Energy saving
      • "Smart" Appliances and Home Automation, Electronic power supplies, Compact fluorescent lighting, Solar lanterns, Building Automation, system optimization, High Efficiency Refrigeration, High efficiency PC monitors, High efficiency televisions
  • Cooking
    • Energy saving
      • Improved cook stoves
    • Renewable technology
      • Cook stoves on ethanol/methanol, Biomass gasification stoves, Biogasfrom waste for coking, Efficient Charcoal production for coking, Solar cokers
  • Industrial efficienc
    • Energy saving
      • Energy saving in cement, agri-food, chemical, iron and steel industry
  • Transport
    • Energy saving/fuel switch
      • Hybrid technology
    • Energy saving
      • Vehicle add-on technologies, Black carbon control technologies, Vehicle technology mprovements, Freight logistics improement, Truck stop electrification, Driver information technologies, Efficient diesel engines, Management technologies
    • Fuel switch
      • Electric plug-in technology, LNG technology
    • Fuel switch/ renewable technology
      • Low carbon alternative fuels, Hydrogen
    • Fuel cells
      • Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells, PEM Fuel Cells, Direct Mehanol Fuel Cells, Alkaline Fuel Cells, Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells, Slid Oxide Fuel Cells
  • CO2 Capture and Storage
    • CO2 Captrure
      • Chemical absorption wit monoethanolamine, Oxygen-firing, Integrated coal gasification combined cycle, Biochar
  • Agriculture
    • Renewable
      • Improving Energy Capture from Corn and Biomass Heat,Bagasse CHP
    • Energy saving
      • Irban Agriculture, Community Gardens
    • Energy Efficiency
      • Improvements to Increase Water Conservation, Nutrient Management
    • Carbon sequestration
      • Soil Carbon Management
  • Forestry
    • Carbon sequestration/ renewables
      • Improved Mill Waste Recovery
    • Renewables
      • Improved Logging Residue Recovery
    • Forest conservation
      • Silviculture Improvements
  • Waste management
    • Renewable technology
      • Landfill methane recovery and use, Municipal Solid Waste combustion, Municipal Solid Waste gasification, Recycled Bio-Oils
    • Energy efficiency
      • Advanced Municipal Solid Waste Management Practice, Source reduction strategies, Resource Management Contracting, Enhanced Management of Organic Waste, Improved Commercialization of Biomass Conversion Technologies, Wastewater Treatment Pland Biosolids for Energy Production
    • Water efficiency
      • Waste water management/metering, Grey water use, Lower consumption and waste production