Difference between revisions of "Illnesses of global importance/Pandemics"

From ScenarioThinking
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 3: Line 3:
==Description:==
==Description:==


According the World Health Organization [http://www.who.int/en/ WHO], the 10 leading causes of death by broad income group for 2004 were:
In developed countries the main causes of deth are coronary heard diseas, stroke and cancer.  
 
'''Low-income countries, deaths in millions and % of deaths'''<br>
Lower respiratory infections / 2.94 / 11.2<br>
Coronary heart disease /2.47 / 9.4<br>
Diarrhoeal diseases / 1.81 / 6.9<br>
HIV/AIDS / 1.51 / 5.7<br>
Stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases / 1.48 / 5.6<br>
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 0.94 / 3.6<br>
Tuberculosis / 0.91 / 3.5<br>
Neonatal infections / 0.90 / 3.4<br>
Malaria / 0.86 / 3.3<br>
Prematurity and low birth weight / 0.84 / 3.2
 
[[image:death_causes_low_income.gif]]<br>
source: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index4.html<br><br>
 
[[image:Middle_income_death_causes.gif]]<br>
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index4.html<br><br>
   
'''Middle-income countries Deaths in millions % of deaths'''<br>
Stroke and other cerebrovascular disease / 3.47 / 14.2<br>
Coronary heart disease / 3.40 / 13.9<br>
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 1.80 / 7.4<br>
Lower respiratory infection / 0.92 / 3.8<br>
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers / 0.69 / 2.9<br>
Road traffic accidents 0.67 / 2.8 / <br>
Hypertensive heart disease / 0.62 / 2.5<br>
Stomach cancer / 0.55 / 2.2<br>
Tuberculosis / 0.54 / 2.2<br>
Diabetes mellitus / 0.52 / 2.1<br>
   
'''High-income countries Deaths in millions % of deaths'''<br>
Coronary heart disease / 1.33 / 16.3<br>
Stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases / 0.76 / 9.3<br>
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers / 0.48 / 5.9<br>
Lower respiratory infections / 0.31 / 3.8 <br>
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 0.29 / 3.5<br>
Alzheimer and other dementias / 0.28 / 3.4<br>
Colon and rectum cancers / 0.27 / 3.3<br>
Diabetes mellitus / 0.22 / 2.8<br>
Breast cancer / 0.16 / 2.0<br>
Stomach cancer / 0.14 / 1.8<br>
'''World Deaths in millions % of deaths'''<br>
Coronary heart disease / 7.20 / 12.2<br>
Stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases / 5.71 / 9.7<br>
Lower respiratory infections / 4.18 / 7.1<br>
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 3.02 / 5.1<br>
Diarrhoeal diseases / 2.16 / 3.7<br>
HIV/AIDS / 2.04 / 3.5<br>
Tuberculosis / 1.46 / 2.5<br>
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers / 1.32 / 2.3<br>
Road traffic accidents / 1.27 / 2.2<br>
Prematurity and low birth weight / 1.18 / 2.0 <br>
 
 


The World Health Organization [http://www.who.int/en/ WHO], characterises three conditions responsible for the start of a pandemic:
The World Health Organization [http://www.who.int/en/ WHO], characterises three conditions responsible for the start of a pandemic:

Revision as of 18:24, 13 September 2009

This page is under construction and edited by Peter Friedl EMBA09. In case of any questions/remarks, feel free to contact me

Description:

In developed countries the main causes of deth are coronary heard diseas, stroke and cancer.

The World Health Organization WHO, characterises three conditions responsible for the start of a pandemic:

  • emergence of a disease new to a population;
  • agents infect humans, causing serious illness; and
  • agents spread easily and sustainably among humans.

A disease or condition is not a pandemic merely because it is widespread or kills many people; it must also be infectious. That means that cancer, for example, is not classified as a pandemic as it is not infectious.

Enablers:

  • Changes in society and human demographics
  • Contamination of water supplies and food sources
  • Poor populaiton health (e.g. malnutrition)
  • International trade
  • International travel
  • Evolution of the pathogen
  • Failure of public health programs
  • Increased life expectancy

Inhibitors:

Factors which weaken this driving force. (these are actually other driving forces, and you can link to them in the wiki!)

Paradigms:

Changes in ways of thinking about the world due to the driving force.

Experts:

  • World Health Organisation
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Robert Koch Institut

Timing:

Current pandemics:

  • HIV / AIDS
  • Swine influenza (2009 influenza A/H1N1)


Important epidemics and pandemics through history:

  • Plague
  • Cholera
  • Typhus
  • Smallpox
  • Measles
  • Tuberculosis
  • Malaria
  • Yellow fever

Tuberculosis is still one of the most important health problems in the developing world.

Web Resources:

  • [1] WHO - World Health Organization
  • [2] ECDC - European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • [3] CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Retrieved from "https://www.scenariothinking.org/index.php?title=Illnesses_of_global_importance/Pandemics&oldid=27963"