Difference between revisions of "Illnesses of global importance/Pandemics"
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'''Middle-income countries Deaths in millions % of deaths'''<br> | '''Middle-income countries Deaths in millions % of deaths'''<br> |
Revision as of 17:06, 13 September 2009
This page is under construction and edited by Peter Friedl EMBA09. In case of any questions/remarks, feel free to contact me
Description:
According the World Health Organization WHO, the 10 leading causes of death by broad income group for 2004 were:
Low-income countries, deaths in millions and % of deaths
Lower respiratory infections / 2.94 / 11.2
Coronary heart disease /2.47 / 9.4
Diarrhoeal diseases / 1.81 / 6.9
HIV/AIDS / 1.51 / 5.7
Stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases / 1.48 / 5.6
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 0.94 / 3.6
Tuberculosis / 0.91 / 3.5
Neonatal infections / 0.90 / 3.4
Malaria / 0.86 / 3.3
Prematurity and low birth weight / 0.84 / 3.2
source: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index4.html
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index4.html
Middle-income countries Deaths in millions % of deaths
Stroke and other cerebrovascular disease / 3.47 / 14.2
Coronary heart disease / 3.40 / 13.9
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 1.80 / 7.4
Lower respiratory infection / 0.92 / 3.8
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers / 0.69 / 2.9
Road traffic accidents 0.67 / 2.8 /
Hypertensive heart disease / 0.62 / 2.5
Stomach cancer / 0.55 / 2.2
Tuberculosis / 0.54 / 2.2
Diabetes mellitus / 0.52 / 2.1
High-income countries Deaths in millions % of deaths
Coronary heart disease / 1.33 / 16.3
Stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases / 0.76 / 9.3
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers / 0.48 / 5.9
Lower respiratory infections / 0.31 / 3.8
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 0.29 / 3.5
Alzheimer and other dementias / 0.28 / 3.4
Colon and rectum cancers / 0.27 / 3.3
Diabetes mellitus / 0.22 / 2.8
Breast cancer / 0.16 / 2.0
Stomach cancer / 0.14 / 1.8
World Deaths in millions % of deaths
Coronary heart disease / 7.20 / 12.2
Stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases / 5.71 / 9.7
Lower respiratory infections / 4.18 / 7.1
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 3.02 / 5.1
Diarrhoeal diseases / 2.16 / 3.7
HIV/AIDS / 2.04 / 3.5
Tuberculosis / 1.46 / 2.5
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers / 1.32 / 2.3
Road traffic accidents / 1.27 / 2.2
Prematurity and low birth weight / 1.18 / 2.0
The World Health Organization WHO, characterises three conditions responsible for the start of a pandemic:
- emergence of a disease new to a population;
- agents infect humans, causing serious illness; and
- agents spread easily and sustainably among humans.
A disease or condition is not a pandemic merely because it is widespread or kills many people; it must also be infectious. That means that cancer, for example, is not classified as a pandemic as it is not infectious.
Enablers:
- Changes in society and human demographics
- Contamination of water supplies and food sources
- Poor populaiton health (e.g. malnutrition)
- International trade
- International travel
- Evolution of the pathogen
- Failure of public health programs
Inhibitors:
Factors which weaken this driving force. (these are actually other driving forces, and you can link to them in the wiki!)
Paradigms:
Changes in ways of thinking about the world due to the driving force.
Experts:
- World Health Organisation
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Robert Koch Institut
Timing:
Current pandemics:
- HIV / AIDS
- Swine influenza (2009 influenza A/H1N1)
Important epidemics and pandemics through history:
- Plague
- Cholera
- Typhus
- Smallpox
- Measles
- Tuberculosis
- Malaria
- Yellow fever
Tuberculosis is still one of the most important health problems in the developing world.
Web Resources:
- [1] WHO - World Health Organization
- [2] ECDC - European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
- [3] CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- [4] HealthMap - Global Disease Alert Map
- [5] Diseases - Ignored Global Killers - article on Global Issues