Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? Why is this difference growing over time? There isn't much evidence and we have only some solutions. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables that all play a role in women living longer than men, we do not know how much each factor contributes.

In spite of the precise amount of weight, we are aware that at a minimum, the reason why women live longer than men do today and not in the past, is to have to do with the fact that some significant non-biological elements have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for صبغ الشعر بالاسود men and women. It is clear that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from every country could be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

It is interesting to note that although the female advantage exists in all countries, cross-country differences are large. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the gap is just half an hour.

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In rich countries the advantage of women in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two specific points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's a widening gap: صبغ الشعر بالاسود (click through the next document) The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very small however it increased dramatically during the last century.

When you click on the option "Change country from the chart, you will be able to check that these two points also apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.