Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? And why does this benefit increase as time passes? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach an informed conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors that all play a role in women who live longer than males, it isn't clear how much each factor contributes.

In spite of the amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men but not previously, is to do with the fact that some significant non-biological elements have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, افضل شامبو وبلسم especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can expect to live longer than her brothers.

It is interesting to note that the advantage of women exists across all countries, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is only half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the advantage of women in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancy at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and افضل شامبو وبلسم women in America have longer lives than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be very small but it has risen significantly over time.

Using the option 'Change country in the chart, you are able to verify that these two points apply to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.