Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present and why does this benefit increase in the past? The evidence is sketchy and we're only able to provide some answers. We know that biological, زيوت تطويل الشعر behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we aren't sure how strong the relative contribution of each one of these factors is.

It is known that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However, this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, زيوت تطويل الشعر ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

This graph shows that even though women enjoy an advantage everywhere, cross-country differences are often significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men; in Bhutan the gap is less than half one year.

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In wealthy countries, the advantage of women in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's now look at how the gender advantage in longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two aspects stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in America have longer lives than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used to be very small however it increased dramatically in the past century.

You can check if the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.