Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women have a longer life span than men? What is the reason does this benefit increase over time? There is only limited evidence and اضيق وضعية للجماع the evidence is not sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, behavioral, and environmental factors which play a significant role in women who live longer than males, it isn't clear what percentage each factor plays in.

It is known that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. But it is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line ; which means that in every country the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a new boy.1

It is interesting to note that although the female advantage is present everywhere, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia, women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of less than half a calendar year.

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In rich countries the advantage of women in longevity was not as great.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the time of birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was quite small however, it has grown significantly in the past.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.