Information Markets & Gambling
Description:
Increase in online information markets and gambling. Information markets to forecast a myriad of events have proliferated. In addition, a recent WTO decision allowing online gambling overrides national laws prohibiting it. Some argue that prediction markets can helps extract the large amounts of information that are incorporated into market prices allowing this aggregated expertise to inform policy decisions in real-time.
Enablers:
- Increased diffusion of internet access (broadband and mobile connections) - Increased computer/internet literacy and comfort level - Online anonymity - Smaller minimum bets make it accessible to more people - Difficult to enforce laws in cyberspace
Inhibitors:
- National laws (if and when applicable) - WTO rulings and decisions - Filters
Paradigms:
Talk is cheap but money speaks the truth. The theory is that the aggregated hunches of many people with money at stake are likely to be more accurate than the opinion of disinterested experts or of whoever happens to be at home when a pollster calls. It is easier to put your money where your mouth is in information markets than in many “proper” markets. Because you can “sell” without first “buying”, short-selling, which is limited in many financial markets, is essentially unconstrained. Businesses have also made good use of information markets. Siemens, a German conglomerate, used an internal market to correctly forecast that the firm would fail to deliver a software project on time, even though internal planning methods showed that the deadline could be met
The US plans to appeal the WTO decision that old American laws prohibiting gambling over wires that cross state lines violate global trade rules for the services sector. The degree to which governments are clearing up grey areas of internet-related law may not be the outcome cyber enthusiasts want.
Timing:
1995: WTO agreement lets countries ban trade where it has national laws designed to “protect public morals”, which would seem to cover gambling, at least from an American perspective.
2003: An American government body, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, tried to create an exchange to trade contracts on the likelihood of a terrorist attack.
2003: Market trading in contracts which paid off in Saddam Hussein was removed as leader of Iraq.
Nov. 10, 2004: WTO decision that old American laws prohibiting gambling over wires that cross state lines violate global trade rules for the services sector.
Web Resources:
House of Cards: The WTO and Online Gambling from the Economist http://www.economist.com/research/articlesBySubject/displayStory.cfm?story_id=3411641&subjectID=682268&emailauth=%2527%252FUOH%255F%253CC0SP%255C%2520%250A
Guessing Games from the Economist http://www.economist.com/research/articlesBySubject/displayStory.cfm?story_id=3400241&subjectID=348918&emailauth=%2527%2528%2540%252E7%2525%255C%255C%253B3%2540%255C%2520%250A
Using Markets to Inform Policy: The Case of the Iraq War from Stanford University http://faculty-gsb.stanford.edu/zitzewitz/Research/usingmarkets.pdf
How Information Markets Could Change the Policy World from the Brookings Institute http://www.aei-brookings.org/admin/authorpdfs/page.php?id=1019