Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? And why the advantage has grown as time passes? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach an absolute conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and اوضاع الجماع environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, However, we're not sure how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

It is known that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But this isn't because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; it means that in all nations the newborn girl is likely to live for longer than a new boy.1

This graph shows that although women have an advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia women have a longer life span than men, while in Bhutan the gap is just half one year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was smaller in the richer countries that it is today.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart compares the male and female lifespans at birth in the US during the time period between 1790 and اوضاع الجماع 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used be very modest however it increased dramatically over the course of the last century.

If you select the option "Change country in the chart, you can determine if these two points are also applicable to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.