Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And how the advantage has grown in the past? The evidence is sketchy and we only have limited solutions. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; However, we're not sure how significant the impact of each of these factors is.

In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that a large portion of the reason women live longer than men in the present however not as previously, has to relate to the fact that some fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

The chart below shows that although women have an advantage across all countries, differences between countries are often significant. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.

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In the richer countries, the advantage of women in longevity used to be smaller
Let's look at how the female advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, تحاميل مهبلية (Full Record) there is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was very small however, it has grown significantly with time.

By selecting 'Change Country from the chart, you are able to check that these two points are applicable to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.