Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? What is the reason the advantage has grown as time passes? The evidence isn't conclusive and we have only some answers. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we do not know how much the influence of each one of these factors is.

In spite of how much number of pounds, we know that at least a portion of the reason women live longer than men but not in the past, has to do with the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, صبغ الشعر بالاسود there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.

The chart above shows that while the female advantage exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half an hour.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in the richer countries than it is now.
We will now examine how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The next chart compares the male and صبغ الشعر بالاسود (browse around here) female lifespans at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in America have longer lives than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increasing gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be extremely small however, it has increased significantly during the last century.

It is possible to verify that these points are also applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.