Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present, and why has this advantage increased in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we do not know how much the influence of each factor is.

In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason women live longer than men do today however not as previously, زيوت تطويل الشعر has to do with the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line , this means that in all countries baby girls can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

It is interesting to note that while the female advantage exists everywhere, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of only half a year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was much lower in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below shows gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the birth in the US during the period 1790 until 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Both men and women in the US live a lot, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the female advantage in life expectancy was once very small It has significantly increased with time.

Using the option 'Change country from the chart, determine if these two points are applicable to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.