Difference between revisions of "Increasing use of computer-mediated communication"

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Back? [[Extensions to our physical path... but what about mental power?]]


==Description:==
==Description:==


[[Image:NEURON.jpg|thumb|Picture of a neuron]]
Computer-mediated communication reffers to interactions that occur via computer-mediated formats (i.e., instant messages, e-mails, chat rooms, online games) between two or more individuals(1). This kind of communication are becoming ubiquotous since the generalised use of internet and mulitimedia-enabled personal computers.  
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are information processing models that are inspired by the way biological nervous systems, such as the brain, process information. The models are composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurones) working together to solve specific problems. ANNs, like people, learn by example. Contrary to conventional computers -that can only solve problems if the set of instructions or algorithms are known- ANNs are very flexible, powerfull and trainable. Conventional computers and neural networks are complementary: a large number of tasks require the combination of a learning approach and a set of instructions. Mostly, the conventional computer is used to supervise the neural network.


For more information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network 
This kind of communication has had a broad impcat in the way people form and mantain social relationships by provinding new possibilities to mantain communication with people in distant places. This kind of communication has also impacted deeply the way people interact in working and educational environments by enabling new ways of collaborative work and data exchange. It also has influenced the way people make decisions by enabling remote meetings and data exchange.


For more information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-mediated_communication
   
   


==Enablers:==
==Enablers:==


1. Research & Development: Mathimaticians, Psychologists, Neurosurgeons,...
1. Increasing use of internet [http://scenariothinking.org/wiki/index.php/The_Increasing_Use_of_Internet]
 
2. Increasing use of digital media
2. Applications using artificial neural networks (e.g. sales forecasting, data validation, etc from NeuroDimension) [http://www.nd.com].
3. Increasing network bandwidth [http://scenariothinking.org/wiki/index.php/Network_Bandwidth]
 
3. Funding from international institutes ( e.g. IST).
 
4. New technologies that enable profound research of the human brain activity.


==Inhibitors:==
==Inhibitors:==


1. Outcome ethical issues: Is there a danger developing technologies that might perform similar (thinking) functions as the human brain?
1. Increasing online security threats
 
2. Research ethical issues: Is it ethical to perform research and do experiments on the human brain and its functions?
 
3. Lack of scope and focus: this new technology might create the next information society revolution, thus interest is high and widely spread over several industries. 


==Paradigms:==
==Paradigms:==


1. Simple tasks can already be learned today by artificial neural networks. Further investigation, in the power of those systems as well as in the power of the combination with conventional computer systems, will increase the power of a connected world or the internet.
1. The use computer-mediated communication makes easier and enriches communication with people who are located at remote distances
 
2. The physsical presence is not any longer a requirement for holding a working meeting.
2. ANNs will disappear as black boxes into our daily lives, supporting us with simple decision making where making a mistake is allowed (children's level). To increase the learning effect and for control purposes, these boxes will be interconnected via the internet.


    
    
==Experts:==
==Experts:==
Prof. Dr. Hugo de GARIS,
Associate Professor,
Head, Brain Builder Group,
Computer Science Dept.,
Utah State University, USU,
Old Main 423, Logan,
Utah, UT 84322-4205, USA.
tel: + 1 435 797 0959
fax: + 1 435 797 3265
cell: +1 435 512 1826
degaris@cs.usu.edu
http://www.cs.usu.edu/~degaris




==Timing:==
==Timing:==
 
1965: first use of email
1933: psychologist Edward Thorndike suggests that human learning consists in the strengthening of some (then unknown) property of neurons.
1970: UNIX offers instant messaging
 
1972: Development of ARPANET, predecessor of nowadays internet
1943: first artificial neuron is produced (neurophysiologist Warren McCulloch & logician Walter Pits).
1989: the internet becomes commercial
 
1990: The world wide Web is created
1949: psychologist Donald Hebb suggests that a strengthening of the connections between neurons in the brain accounts for learning.
1996: first graphical interface messaging client(ICQ)
 
1954: first computer simulations of small neural networks at MIT (Belmont Farley and Wesley Clark).
 
1958: Rosenblatt designs and develops the Perceptron, the first neuron with three layers.
 
1969: Minsky and Papert generalises the limitations of single layer Perceptrons to multilayered systems (e.g. the XOR function is not possible with a 2-layer Perceptron)
 
1972: A. Henry Klopf develops a basis for learning in artificial neurons based on a biological principle for neuronal learning called heterostasis.
 
1974: Paul Werbos develops the back-propagation learning method, the most well known and widely applied of the neural networks today.
 
1975: Fukushima (F. Kunihiko) develops a step wise trained multilayered neural network for interpretation of handwritten characters (Cognitron).
 
1986: David Rumelhart & James McClelland train a network of 920 artificial neurons to form the past tenses of English verbs (University of California at San Diego).


==Web Resources:==
==Web Resources:==


1. http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~nd/surprise_96/journal/vol4/cs11/report.html
1. [http://www.aoir.org/] Association of Internet Researchers
 
2. [http://cucmc.comm.cornell.edu/] Cornell University CMC
2. http://www.inns.org/
3. [http://sociocmc.blogspot.com/] Sociolinguistics and CMC - online research group and community blog site
 
3. http://www.nd.com/
 
4. http://www.dacs.dtic.mil/techs/neural/neural_ToC.html
 
5. http://www.ieee-nns.org/
 
6. http://www.economist.com/opinion/PrinterFriendly.cfm?Story_ID=1143317: The mind's eye
 
7. http://www.hirnforschung.net/cneuro/

Revision as of 17:27, 5 March 2007

Description:

Computer-mediated communication reffers to interactions that occur via computer-mediated formats (i.e., instant messages, e-mails, chat rooms, online games) between two or more individuals(1). This kind of communication are becoming ubiquotous since the generalised use of internet and mulitimedia-enabled personal computers.

This kind of communication has had a broad impcat in the way people form and mantain social relationships by provinding new possibilities to mantain communication with people in distant places. This kind of communication has also impacted deeply the way people interact in working and educational environments by enabling new ways of collaborative work and data exchange. It also has influenced the way people make decisions by enabling remote meetings and data exchange.

For more information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-mediated_communication


Enablers:

1. Increasing use of internet [1] 2. Increasing use of digital media 3. Increasing network bandwidth [2]

Inhibitors:

1. Increasing online security threats

Paradigms:

1. The use computer-mediated communication makes easier and enriches communication with people who are located at remote distances 2. The physsical presence is not any longer a requirement for holding a working meeting.


Experts:

Timing:

1965: first use of email 1970: UNIX offers instant messaging 1972: Development of ARPANET, predecessor of nowadays internet 1989: the internet becomes commercial 1990: The world wide Web is created 1996: first graphical interface messaging client(ICQ)

Web Resources:

1. [3] Association of Internet Researchers 2. [4] Cornell University CMC 3. [5] Sociolinguistics and CMC - online research group and community blog site

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