Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women live longer than men? And how the advantage has grown as time passes? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we do not know what the contribution of each of these factors is.

In spite of how much amount, we can say that a large portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present however not as previously, is to do with the fact that several important non-biological aspects have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

This chart shows that, while there is a female advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.

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The advantage for women in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries than it is now.
Let's look at how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two things stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in America have longer lives than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was once quite small It has significantly increased over time.

You can verify that these are applicable to other countries with data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.