Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? Why has this advantage gotten larger in the past? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't sufficient to support an informed conclusion. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, However, we're not sure what the contribution of each factor is.

In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that at least a portion of the reason women live so much longer than men do today and not in the past, is to be due to the fact that certain fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line ; this means in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart illustrates that, even though women enjoy an advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, while in Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the women's advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let's examine how the gender advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and زيوت تطويل الشعر female life expectancies at birth in the US between 1790 until 2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and زيوت تطويل الشعر women in America have longer lives than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be very modest, but it grew substantially over the last century.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.