Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live much longer than men today, and why is this difference growing over time? The evidence is limited and we only have incomplete answers. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we do not know what the contribution of each of these factors is.

In spite of how much amount, we can say that at a minimum, تحاميل مهبلية the reason women live so much longer than men however not as in the past, has to be due to the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in every country can be expected to live for تحاميل مهبلية longer than her brother.

This chart shows that, while there is a female advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half an hour.

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In countries with high incomes, the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the birth in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the female advantage in life expectancy used to be tiny however, it has grown significantly in the past.

You can check if these are applicable to other countries with data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.