Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women are more likely to live longer than men? Why has this advantage gotten larger as time passes? The evidence is limited and we have only partial answers. We know there are biological, psychological, and environmental factors which play a significant role in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear what percentage each factor كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور plays in.

In spite of the weight, we know that a large portion of the reason why women live longer than men do today, but not previously, is to have to do with the fact that some key non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line ; which means that in every country a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart shows that, even though women enjoy an advantage everywhere, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور cross-country differences could be significant. In Russia, women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
The advantage for women in life expectancy was less in countries with higher incomes that it is today.
We will now examine how the female advantage in longevity has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancies at birth in the US during the period 1790 until 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be extremely small however, it has increased significantly over the course of the last century.

Using the option 'Change country by country' in the chart, you will be able to determine if these two points apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.