Globalization

Description:

Human societies across the globe have established progressively closer contacts over many centuries, but recently the pace has dramatically increased. Jet airplanes, cheap telephone service, email, computers, huge oceangoing vessels, instant capital flows, all these have made the world more interdependent than ever. Multinational corporations manufacture products in many countries and sell to consumers around the world. Money, technology and raw materials move ever more swiftly across national borders. Along with products and finances, ideas and cultures circulate more freely. As a result, laws, economies, and social movements are forming at the international level.

Globalization is this growing interconnectiveness reflected in the expanded flows of information, technology, capital, goods, services, and people throughout the world.

Enablers:

• Human Capital (i.e. Immigration, Migration, Emigration, Deportation, etc.)
  
• Financial Capital (i.e. Aid, Equity, Debt, Credit & Lending, etc.)
  
• Resource Capital (i.e. Energy, Metals, Minerals, Lumber, etc.)
  
• Power Capital (i.e. Security Forces, Alliances, Armed Forces, etc.)
  
• Increase in technology especially information technology
  
• Increasing participation of China and India in the global markets
  
• Decreasing power of communism
  
• Increasing power and number of global companies.
  
• Increase demand for education
  
• Free press
  
• New unions between companies
  
• Increasing use of communication technologies
  
• Global Warming and other threats
  

Inhibitors:

• Increasing disparity of poor and rich
• Religion, especialy increasing difference between islamic and non-islamic countries.
• Pandemic disease
• Cultural differences
• Diminishing of SMEs
• Law regulations differences
• Wars, terrorism, etc.

Paradigms:

The new unifications of governments, companies, and people throughout the world makes the flow of shared information much bigger. This and the lack of restrictions lead to interventions into the private person’s life.

Products from America can be bought in Europe and vice versa. Culture, food, clothingstyles from Asia can be found in the West and vice versa. The internet is the digital marketplace where almost everything from everywhere can be traded. This kind of globalisation needs global standard regulations and rules. Also different companies having different or even contradicting rules and regulations for trading or doing business, which leads to unharmonised understanding.

Experts:

• Academia
• Political scientists
• Technologists
• Medical society

Timing:

• World War 1: The "First Era of Globalization"
• Late 1920s and early 1930s: the crisis of the gold standars. Countries that engaged in this era of globalization, including the European core, some of the European periphery and various European offshoots in the Americas and Oceania, prospered. Inequality between those states fell, as goods, capital and labour flowed remarkably freely between nations.
• World War II: trade negotiation rounds, originally under the auspices of GATT, which led to a series of agreements to remove restrictions on "free trade".
• Development of all new technologies (aeroplanes, computer & internet, photo/ video cameras…)
• Establishment of International Organizations

Web Resources:

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization [2] http://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/