Difference between revisions of "China script"
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== Populaton: == | == Populaton: == | ||
Today, China's population is over 1.3 billion, the largest in the world (19.5% of world population[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population]). China plans to conduct its sixth national population census in 2010. According to CIA World Factbook 2010,[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html#People], China's population will be over 1.4 billion. However, China now has an increasingly aging population; it is projected that 11.8% of the population in 2020 will be 65 years of age and older. Besides, India's population might overtake China's population in 2030<br><br> | Today, China's population is over 1.3 billion, the largest in the world (19.5% of world population[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population]). China plans to conduct its sixth national population census in 2010. According to CIA World Factbook 2010,[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html#People], China's population will be over 1.4 billion. However, China now has an increasingly aging population; it is projected that 11.8% of the population in 2020 will be 65 years of age and older. Besides, India's population might overtake China's population in 2030. [http://trak.in/tags/business/2007/05/24/india-and-china-population-a-blessing-in-disguise/]<br><br> | ||
[[File:China population.jpeg]]<br> | [[File:China population.jpeg]]<br> | ||
== Economy == | |||
China's economy during the past 30 years has changed from a centrally planned system that was largely closed to international trade to a more market-oriented economy that has a rapidly growing private sector and is a major player in the global economy. Reforms started in the late 1970s with the phasing out of collectivized agriculture, and expanded to include the gradual liberalization of prices, fiscal decentralization, increased autonomy for state enterprises, the foundation of a diversified banking system, the development of stock markets, the rapid growth of the non-state sector, and the opening to foreign trade and investment.<br><br> | |||
FDI in China has been one of the major successes of the past 3 decades. Starting from a baseline of less than $19 billion just 20 years ago, FDI in China has grown to over $300 billion in the first 10 years. China has continued its massive growth and is the leader among all developing nations in terms of FDI. Even though there was a slight dip in FDI in 2009 as a result of the global slowdown, 2010 has again seen investments increase. The Chinese continue to steamroll with expectations that economic growth will be 10% this year.[http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2009/12/15/china-foreign-investment.html]<br><br> | |||
China has generally implemented reforms in a gradualist or piecemeal fashion. In recent years, China has re-invigorated its support for leading state-owned enterprises in sectors it considers important to "economic security," explicitly looking to foster globally competitive national champions. After keeping its currency tightly linked to the US dollar for years, China in July 2005 revalued its currency by 2.1% against the US dollar and moved to an exchange rate system that references a basket of currencies. Cumulative appreciation of the renminbi against the US dollar since the end of the dollar peg was more than 20% by late 2008, but the exchange rate has remained virtually pegged since the onset of the global financial crisis. The restructuring of the economy and resulting efficiency gains have contributed to a more than tenfold increase in GDP since 1978.<br><br> | |||
Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, China in 2009 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the US, although in per capita terms the country is still lower middle-income. The Chinese government faces numerous economic development challenges, including: (a) reducing its high domestic savings rate and correspondingly low domestic demand through increased corporate transfers and a strengthened social safety net; (b) sustaining adequate job growth for tens of millions of migrants and new entrants to the work force; (c) reducing corruption and other economic crimes; and (d) containing environmental damage and social strife related to the economy's rapid transformation. Economic development has been more rapid in coastal provinces than in the interior, and approximately 200 million rural laborers and their dependents have relocated to urban areas to find work. <br><br> | |||
One demographic consequence of the "one child" policy is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. Deterioration in the environment - notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table, especially in the north - is another long-term problem. China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and economic development. In 2006, China announced that by 2010 it would decrease energy intensity 20% from 2005 levels. In 2009, China announced that by 2020 it would reduce carbon intensity 40% from 2005 levels. The Chinese government seeks to add energy production capacity from sources other than coal and oil, and is focusing on nuclear and other alternative energy development. In 2009, the global economic downturn reduced foreign demand for Chinese exports for the first time in many years. The government vowed to continue reforming the economy and emphasized the need to increase domestic consumption in order to make China less dependent on foreign exports for GDP growth in the future.<br> | |||
== Enablers: == | == Enablers: == | ||
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== Web Resources: == | == Web Resources: == | ||
[http://www.scenariothinking.org/wiki/index.php/Future_of_China_in_2030 Future of China in 2030]<br> | |||
[http://www.chinatoday.com/ Chinatoday]<br> | |||
[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html#People The World Factbook]<br> | |||