Difference between revisions of "Environmental Impact"

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==Environmental Impact:==
81WiGK  <a href="http://rhwqcerkbbik.com/">rhwqcerkbbik</a>, [url=http://evhjvmeuejjt.com/]evhjvmeuejjt[/url], [link=http://ssqbxmmekhnk.com/]ssqbxmmekhnk[/link], http://xhzbpjqbvwxs.com/
under construction: Phil Poetter
 
==Description:==
For many environmetal focused NGOs, such as WWF, Greenpeace etc. the immediate or long-term environmental impact is a highly controversal topic, addressing same to O&G operating companies, governments and the public.
 
Often, the cause and effect relationship is not obvious - especially when it comes to long-term effects.
 
 
The environmental impact as a result of oil production can be rooted in different activities.
 
- during seismic exploration: impact on surrounding animal life
 
- during drilling phase: oil spills small or big (blow out), flaring of oil based fluid from drilling, noise, building of industry heavy infrastructure (incl. roads, villages etc.) 
 
- during production: oil spills (leaking pipelines), releasing fumes, subsidence (lowering of the ground due to compaction) pot. leading to mass slides on continental shelfes
 
- during mining phase (oil sands): open mine pits (implying clearing of previous soil cover, e.g. forests)
 
- during refining: air pollution and waste water http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refinery#Safety_and_environmental_concerns , extensive use of chemicals
 
- during transportation: tanker or pipeline spill
 
All of these are of utmost concern in the discussion of whether or not to extend exploration/production rights e.g. into ecologically sensitive areas such as the Arctic.
 
==Enablers:==
- O&G operating companies
 
- Governments
 
==Inhibitors:==
- NGOs with an environmental agenda
 
- Governments (passing environmental acts) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_Pollution_Act_of_1990
 
==Paradigms:==
xxxx
 
==Experts:==
- General facts & quantities of oil spills http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/peril_oil_pollution.html
 
- WWF http://www.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/arctic/what_we_do/oil_gas/
 
- Greenpeace http://www.greenpeace.org/canada/en/campaigns/greatbear/threats/offshore-oil-and-gas-developme
 
==Timing:==
Various incidents of Oil Spills
 
- Amoco Cadiz Tanker Spill (1978) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoco_Cadiz
 
- Exxon Valdez Tanker Spill (1989): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exxon_Valdez
 
- various others: http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/oil_spills.htm
 
==Web Resources:==

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