Difference between revisions of "Artificial Neural Networks"

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[[China becoming the largest economy]]
==Description:==
==Description:==


[[Image:NEURON.jpg|thumb|Picture of a neuron]]
According to the CBP (Centraal Plan Bureau) the demand for health care in The Netherlands will increase with 40% between 2000 and 2015. To be able to supply the required healthcare improved efficiencies and tailor-made health care at home are required. Technological innovations in health care equipment and ICT innovations are essential to improve the efficiencies and treatment at home. New developments are telecare, telemedicine, e-health and domotica.  
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are information processing models that are inspired by the way biological nervous systems, such as the brain, process information. The models are composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurones) working together to solve specific problems. ANNs, like people, learn by example. Contrary to conventional computers -that can only solve problems if the set of instructions or algorithms are known- ANNs are very flexible, powerfull and trainable. Conventional computers and neural networks are complementary: a large number of tasks require the combination of a learning approach and a set of instructions. Mostly, the conventional computer is used to supervise the neural network.


For more information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network   
The objectives of innovation in health care are:
- increased efficiency
- reduced costs
- increased quality and tailor-made health care


==Enablers:==
==Enablers:==
1. Research & Development: Mathimaticians, Psychologists, Neurosurgeons,...
2. Applications using artificial neural networks (e.g. sales forecasting, data validation, etc from NeuroDimension).
3. Funding from international institutes such as IST.


4. New technologies that enable profound research of the human brain activity.
1. Aging population <br>
2. Technological innovations <br>
3. Developments in ICT <br>
4. Open markets in health care <br>


==Inhibitors:==
==Inhibitors:==


1. Outcome ethical issues: Is there a danger developing technologies that might perform similar (thinking) functions as the human brain?  
1. Too much focus on technology, to little focus on patient. (It works, but does is help the patient?) <br>
2. A critical mass needs to adopt an innovation <br>
3. Lack of time, communication and financial resources <br>


2. Research ethical issues: Is it ethical to perform research and do experiments on the human brain and its functions?
==Paradigms:==


 
Due to the aging population in The Netherlands the demand for health care will increase. Technological innovations and innovations in ICT can make health care more efficient, cheaper, more patient-friendly and better tailor-made. The open markets in health care make effective implementations of innovations in health care possible.
 
==Paradigms:==


==Experts:==
==Experts:==
 
1. Engineers <br>
 
2. ICT specialists <br>
 
3. Technological experts <br>
==Timing:==
4. Managers in health care <br>
 
5. Health insurance experts <br>
1933: the psychologist Edward Thorndike suggests that human learning consists in the strengthening of some (then unknown) property of neurons.
6. Patient representatives
 
1943: the first artificial neuron was produced by the neurophysiologist Warren McCulloch and the logician Walter Pits.  
 
1949: psychologist Donald Hebb suggests that a strengthening of the connections between neurons in the brain accounts for learning.
 
1954: the first computer simulations of small neural networks at MIT (Belmont Farley and Wesley Clark).
 
1958: Rosenblatt designed and developed the Perceptron, the first neuron with three layers.
 
1969: Minsky and Papert generalised the limitations of single layer Perceptrons to multilayered systems (e.g. the XOR function is not possible with a 2-layer Perceptron)
 
1986: David Rumelhart & James McClelland train a network of 920 artificial neurons to form the past tenses of English verbs (University of California at San Diego).


==Web Resources:==
==Web Resources:==


1. http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~nd/surprise_96/journal/vol4/cs11/report.html
www.zorgmarketingplatform.nl <br>
 
www.managementkennisbank.nl
2. http://www.inns.org/
 
3. http://www.nd.com/
 
4. http://www.dacs.dtic.mil/techs/neural/neural_ToC.html
 
5. http://www.ieee-nns.org/

Latest revision as of 06:26, 6 September 2011

China becoming the largest economy

Description:

According to the CBP (Centraal Plan Bureau) the demand for health care in The Netherlands will increase with 40% between 2000 and 2015. To be able to supply the required healthcare improved efficiencies and tailor-made health care at home are required. Technological innovations in health care equipment and ICT innovations are essential to improve the efficiencies and treatment at home. New developments are telecare, telemedicine, e-health and domotica.

The objectives of innovation in health care are: - increased efficiency - reduced costs - increased quality and tailor-made health care

Enablers:

1. Aging population
2. Technological innovations
3. Developments in ICT
4. Open markets in health care

Inhibitors:

1. Too much focus on technology, to little focus on patient. (It works, but does is help the patient?)
2. A critical mass needs to adopt an innovation
3. Lack of time, communication and financial resources

Paradigms:

Due to the aging population in The Netherlands the demand for health care will increase. Technological innovations and innovations in ICT can make health care more efficient, cheaper, more patient-friendly and better tailor-made. The open markets in health care make effective implementations of innovations in health care possible.

Experts:

1. Engineers
2. ICT specialists
3. Technological experts
4. Managers in health care
5. Health insurance experts
6. Patient representatives

Web Resources:

www.zorgmarketingplatform.nl
www.managementkennisbank.nl

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