Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men, and علامات الحمل بولد why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach an unambiguous conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women have longer lives than men, However, we're not sure what the contribution of each of these factors is.

It is known that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. However this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and علامات الحمل بولد relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from any country can expect to live longer than her older brother.

This chart is interesting in that it shows that the advantage of women is present everywhere, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women have a longer life span than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was much lower in countries with higher incomes than it is now.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was tiny however, it has grown significantly with time.

Using the option 'Change country by country' in the chart, determine if these two points are applicable to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.