Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? What is the reason has this advantage gotten larger over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach an absolute conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors that all play a role in women who live longer than men, we do not know what percentage each factor كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام (https://glorynote.com/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84) plays in.

In spite of how much amount, we can say that at a minimum, the reason women live so much longer than men in the present but not previously, is to be due to the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.

The chart below shows that although there is a women's advantage everywhere, cross-country differences can be substantial. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the longevity advantage for women was not as great.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US are living much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be very small, but it grew substantially in the past century.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.