Development of Standards

Breadcrumbs: The Future of Ubiquitous Computing --> Driving Forces: Technological Forces --> Development of Stadards

Description

International standards are standards developed by international standards organizations. By definition, international standards are suitable for universal, worldwide use.

International standards may be used either by direct application or through adoption, a process of modifying an international standard to suit local conditions. The adoption of international standards results in the creation of equivalent, national standards that are substantially the same as international standards in technical content, but may have editorial differences as to appearance, use of symbols and measurement units, substitution of a point for a comma as the decimal marker, and differences resulting from conflicts in governmental regulations or industry-specific requirements caused by fundamental climatic, geographical, technological, or infrastructural factors, or the stringency of safety requirements that a given standard authority considers appropriate.

International standards is one way of overcoming technical barriers in international commerce caused by differences among technical regulations and standards developed independently and separately by each nation, national standards organization, or company. Technical barriers arise when different groups come together, each with a large user base, doing some well established thing that between them is mutually incompatible. Establishing international standards is one way of preventing or overcoming this problem.

Developing and establishing international standards is essential for the future of ubiquitous computing as it is can and will enable a better communication and collaboration of the various different parts that will constitute and enable ubiquitous computing.

Enablers

Need for compatibility between the manufacturers of the various parts that will be integrated in ubiquitous computing, such as compatibility between the technical components as well as compatibility between the hardware and software components that need to communicate and corporate efficiently. Also the need for compatibility between future versions of software and hardware and the older ones that will exist will be great in the future.

Inhibitors

Possible inhibitors for the development of international standards could be the various local differences among technical regulations and standards developed independently and separately by each nation, national standards organization, or company.

Technical barriers can also usually arise when different groups come together, each with a large user base, doing some well established thing that between them is mutually incompatible.

Experts

International Standards Organizations

There are many international standards organizations, but the three international organizations having the highest international recognition are the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). All three of these have existed for more than 50 years (founded in 1947, 1906, and 1865, respectively) and they are all based in Geneva, Switzerland.

National Standards Bodies

In general, each country or economy has a single recognized Standards Body (NSB). Examples include ABNT, ANSI, BSI, DGN, DIN, IRAM, JISC, KATS, SABS, SAC, SCC, SIS, SNZ. An NSB is likely the sole member from that economy in ISO.

Web Resources

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standards_organization http://www.iso.org/iso/en/ISOOnline.frontpage http://www.iec.ch/