Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women have a longer life span than men? What is the reason the advantage has grown over time? There isn't much evidence and we have only some answers. Although we know that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors that all play a role in the longevity of women over males, we aren't sure how much each one contributes.

In spite of the precise amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men today, but not previously, is to do with the fact that some fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for افضل شامبو وبلسم survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for افضل شامبو وبلسم men and women. We can see that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her brother.

The chart above shows that, while the advantage for women exists across all countries, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the female advantage in longevity used to be smaller
We will now examine how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancies at birth in the US between 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increasing gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be quite small however it increased dramatically over the course of the last century.

Using the option 'Change country by country' in the chart, you are able to determine if these two points are also applicable to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.