Influence of the World Trade Organization (WTO)

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Enablers:

• Good cause: The objectives of the WTO look honourable.
• EU-US trade relationship: Most trade is done between those regions
• Greed:
  • Large Multinationals: WTO rules favor large multinationals
  • Rich countries: WTO rules favor the richer countries
• Forced membership: Not being a member of WTO severly limits your trade capabilities (embargo)
• Globalization

Inhibitors:

• Unfair treatment: Third/second world countries feel exploited by some WTO regulations.

e.g. Protection of the rich: Sugar import taxes, being above 110% (150% in some countries) in many large rich countries like the US, whilst sugar import taxes in most poor nations were just 20%. The WTO actually insisted those poor countries to drop their import taxes.

• Return to protectionist measures as a result of financial downturn. Protectionist measures aimed at national/regional constituencies can threaten the free movement of goods (e.g. by imposing import duties)
• Anti-globalization movement http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement

Paradigms:

• Before: International trade was severly limited by local government rules
• After: International trade is easy now because consistent rules are made internationally.

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