Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live more than men do today, and why has this advantage increased over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral and environmental variables that play an integral role in women living longer than men, we don't know how much each factor contributes.

It is known that women are living longer than males, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور regardless of weight. However, this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - this means in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that, while the advantage for women exists across all countries, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in the richer countries as compared to the present.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart shows the life expectancy of males and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور females when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was tiny, it has increased substantially over time.

You can verify that these points are also applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.