Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men and how has this advantage increased over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're left with only incomplete answers. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, However, we're not sure how significant the impact of each of these factors is.

In spite of the number of pounds, افضل شامبو وبلسم we know that at least part of the reason women live longer than men in the present however not as in the past, has to do with the fact that a number of key non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and افضل شامبو وبلسم women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; it means that in all nations the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart shows that, although women have an advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia, women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the longevity advantage for women was smaller
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies when they were born in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very small but it increased substantially over the last century.

It is possible to verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.