Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? And how does this benefit increase over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't sufficient to support an absolute conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we do not know how significant the impact of each factor is.

It is known that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However this isn't because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; this means in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart shows that, although there is a women's advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half an hour.

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In wealthy countries, the female advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two specific points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small, but it grew substantially in the past century.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام Sweden.