Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? What is the reason the advantage has grown in the past? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't sufficient to support an unambiguous conclusion. While we are aware that there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables which play a significant role in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear how much each factor contributes.

In spite of the number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men do today, but not previously, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام is to relate to the fact that certain key non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام men and women. We can see that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her brother.

This graph shows that even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be substantial. In Russia women are 10 years older than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half an hour.

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In wealthy countries, the longevity advantage for women was smaller
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two areas stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be very small, but it grew substantially in the past century.

Using the option 'Change country' on the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points are applicable to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.