Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present and how has this advantage increased in the past? The evidence is limited and we have only incomplete solutions. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological, and environmental factors which all play a part in women who live longer than men, we don't know what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of the precise amount, we can say that at least a portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men today but not in the past, زيوت تطويل الشعر is to do with the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line - which means that in every country a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

This graph shows that even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries are often significant. In Russia, women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
In the richer countries, the longevity advantage for women was previously smaller.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand زيوت تطويل الشعر out.

First, there's an upward trend: Men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once quite small however, it has grown significantly over time.

When you click on the option "Change country from the chart, you are able to check that these two points are applicable to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.