Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men and why is this difference growing in the past? The evidence is limited and we have only some answers. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; but we don't know exactly how strong the relative contribution of each factor is.

Independently of the exact weight, we know that a large portion of the reason women live longer than men do today, but not in the past, is to do with the fact that certain key non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and افضل كريم للشعر women. It is clear that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can expect to live longer than her brothers.

The chart below shows that although there is a women's advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be substantial. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.

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In the richer countries, the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two points stand افضل كريم للشعر - go directly to glorynote.com - out.

There is an upward trend. and women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was extremely small It has significantly increased in the past.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.