Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? Why is this difference growing in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and افضل شامبو وبلسم we have only partial answers. While we are aware that there are behavioral, biological, and environmental factors which play a significant role in the longevity of women over males, we aren't sure the extent to which each factor plays a role.

We are aware that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But this is not because of certain biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; which means that in every country a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

The chart above shows that, while the advantage for women exists everywhere, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than men; in Bhutan the gap is less than half each year.

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In wealthy countries, the longevity advantage for women was smaller
Let's examine how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancies at birth in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women in the United States live longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once very small however, it has grown significantly over time.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.