Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present, and why have these advantages gotten bigger over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not sufficient to reach an informed conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; but we don't know exactly what the contribution of each of these factors is.

In spite of how much amount, we can say that a large portion of the reason women live so much longer than men in the present and not in the past, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور is to relate to the fact that some significant non-biological elements have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

This graph shows that while there is a female advantage everywhere, cross-country differences could be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the difference is less than half each year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in countries with higher incomes than it is today.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Both men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very small, but it grew substantially over the last century.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور Sweden.