Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men in the present and how does this benefit increase over time? The evidence is sketchy and we have only incomplete solutions. Although we know that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors that all play a role in women who live longer than males, we aren't sure how much each one contributes.

It is known that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. But it is not because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line - this means that in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart shows that, although women have an advantage across all countries, differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men; in Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was less in rich countries than it is now.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancy at birth in the US from 1790-2014. Two distinct points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women in the US live a lot, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: افضل شامبو وبلسم; visit these guys, Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once extremely small It has significantly increased in the past.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.