Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so much longer than men today and how has this advantage increased over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're left with only partial solutions. We know there are biological, psychological and environmental factors which all play a part in women who live longer than males, we aren't sure what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of how much amount, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور (click through the next website page) we can say that at least a portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men today and ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور not in the past, is to be due to the fact that some fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in every country can expect to live longer than her brothers.

This chart shows that, although there is a women's advantage across all countries, differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men; in Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.

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The female advantage in terms of life expectancy was lower in developed countries than it is now.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at birth in the US between 1790-2014. Two aspects stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is increasing: While the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was extremely small It has significantly increased in the past.

You can confirm that these points are also applicable to other countries with data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.