Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? Why does this benefit increase as time passes? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support an informed conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors that play an integral role in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear how much each factor contributes.

We know that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However, this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, افضل شامبو وبلسم there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

This graph shows that although women have an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries could be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half an hour.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was smaller in developed countries than it is today.
Let's now look at the way that female advantages in longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the life expectancy of males and females when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two aspects stand افضل شامبو وبلسم out.

There is an upward trend: Men and women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was once tiny however, it has grown significantly with time.

You can confirm that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.