Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men and افضل شامبو وبلسم how have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; but we don't know exactly how significant the impact of each of these factors is.

It is known that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. However, this is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, افضل شامبو وبلسم so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; it means that in all nations that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that the advantage of women is present everywhere, difference between countries is huge. In Russia, women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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In rich countries the longevity advantage for women was smaller
We will now examine how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancy at birth in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US are living much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was very small however, it has grown significantly with time.

You can verify that these points are also applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.