Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? And how the advantage has grown as time passes? The evidence is limited and افضل شامبو وبلسم (visit the following site) we only have some solutions. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we aren't sure how much the influence of each factor is.

In spite of the precise amount, we can say that at least part of the reason women live so much longer than men do today, but not in the past, has to be due to the fact that several significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can expect to live longer than her older brother.

This graph shows that while there is a female advantage everywhere, cross-country differences can be significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of just half a year.

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In the richer countries, the advantage of women in longevity was not as great.
Let's now look at how the advantage of women in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at birth in the US during the period 1790 until 2014. Two specific points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be quite small but it increased substantially during the last century.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, افضل شامبو وبلسم and Sweden.