Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And why does this benefit increase as time passes? There isn't much evidence and we have only limited answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; However, we're not sure how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

We know that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However this is not because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

The chart below shows that although women have an advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is just half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the advantage of women in longevity was smaller
We will now examine the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancies at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two things stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be very small however, it has increased significantly in the past century.

You can check if these are applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور (glorynote.com) France, and Sweden.