Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? And why does this benefit increase over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological, and environmental factors that all play a role in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear how much each factor علامات الحمل بولد contributes.

In spite of the weight, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live so much longer than men today however not as in the past, is to have to do with the fact that certain key non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line - this means that in all countries baby girls can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

It is interesting to note that, علامات الحمل بولد while the advantage for women exists in all countries, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than men; in Bhutan the difference is just half one year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was less in the richer countries as compared to the present.
Let's now look at how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancies at the time of birth in the US between 1790 until 2014. Two specific points stand out.

There is an upward trend. as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used to be very modest, but it grew substantially over the last century.

Using the option 'Change country by country' in the chart, you can check that these two points are applicable to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.