Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present, and why does this benefit increase in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to support an informed conclusion. We know there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors which all play a part in women living longer than men, we do not know the extent to which each factor plays a role.

In spite of the precise weight, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live so much longer than men today, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور but not in the past, has to relate to the fact that a number of important non-biological aspects have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line , this means that in all countries that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a newborn boy.1

It is interesting to note that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is less that half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

There is an upward trend: Men as well as women in the US are living much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be extremely small, but it grew substantially in the past century.

You can confirm that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.